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Track(s) taken from CDA68219

Piano Sonata in E major, Op 109

composer
1820; No 30

Steven Osborne (piano)
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Recording details: February 2018
Perth Concert Hall, Scotland
Produced by Stephen Johns
Engineered by David Hinitt
Release date: May 2019
Total duration: 18 minutes 15 seconds

Cover artwork: The Hand of God (1898) by Auguste Rodin (1840-1917)
Musée Rodin, Paris / Photo © Boltin Picture Library / Bridgeman Images
 

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Reviews

‘I was much looking forward to getting my hands on this CD, having chosen Steven Osborne’s previous Beethoven sonata disc, featuring a dangerous and profound Hammerklavier, as my Critics’ Choice in 2016. From the first note, Osborne’s kinship with the composer is everywhere apparent and he conveys the vast contrasts of the last three sonatas unerringly … Steven Osborne has made many outstanding recordings but this is certainly among his finest. A magnificent achievement’ (Gramophone)

‘Steven Osborne proves that he is the ideal modern-day Beethovenian, utterly at one with the composer. He conjures the different worlds of each of the last three sonatas with imagination, daring and a tremendous sense of engagement that allow him to make this music entirely his own. Miss it if you dare’ (Gramophone)

‘Osborne plays the variations of Op 109 with refinement, letting them grow to majestic proportions before returning to the cantabile simplicity of the theme. And he takes Beethoven's marking 'con amabilita' as his cue for the first movement of Op 110, playing with such restraint that it feels as though lost in a dream—then letting the earthy energy of the drinking song crash in as a rude incursion. The rest of this Sonata comes in carefully-calibrated chiaroscuro as Beethoven's colourings modulate from subfusc greys to a final blaze of light. After a mighty and full-blooded account of the Op 111 Allegro, he gives both the jazziest performance of the variations I have ever heard, and also one of the most heart-stopping in their ultimate finality’ (BBC Music Magazine)» More
PERFORMANCE
RECORDING

‘Osborne’s explosive edge-of-the-seat approach to the rhetorical outbursts of the second movement [of Op 110] is combined with wonderfully clear articulation, and then there’s the profundity of the Adagio leading to the powerfully melancholy final fugue. And before all of those things, the heart-stopping simplicity and tenderness of the sonata’s opening … this recording contains the full dynamic range of Osborne’s playing without compressing or distancing for safety. The volatility and dangerous edge to it comes through undiminished. This is Beethoven with no safety net, thrillingly alive … it's my Record of the Week’ (BBC Record Review)

‘These three sonatas seem to express everything in music, including wit and generosity. Osborne, always a player in absolute service to the composer, captures Beethoven’s humanity, tumult and crazed fervour. This revered Scottish pianist has a special capacity for the ethereal. Check out the opening of the last movement (Andante) of Op 109, in the Adagio of Op 110, in the Arietta of Op 111’ (The Guardian)

‘While it’s naive to talk about a 'best choice' for such well-contested repertoire as this, these readings can confidently be placed amongst the finest to appear in recent times … everyone should know these sonatas, and Osborne’s album deserves to do well’ (Classic FM)

‘[Osborne's] ultimate and selfless achievement has been to make the listener newly appreciate what an extraordinary, uplifting and contemporary composer Beethoven is’ (The Times)» More

‘An endlessly enlightening album, finely recorded. Essential listening’ (International Piano)» More

‘It is probably not too far a stretch to suggest parallels with the great late String Quartet recordings of the Busch Quartet or the Alban Berg Quartet; there is a similar level of understanding from Osborne … a stunning release. Osborne’s readings will, beyond doubt, move you’ (MusicWeb International)» More

‘Barry Cooper’s notes are succinct and rich in useful detail, as one has come to expect from one of the doyens of Beethoven scholarship. I must also mention the terrific recording, superlative even by Hyperion’s demanding standards … the sonics seal the deal on a uniquely edifying and moving Beethoven disc. Steven Osborne has here captured what Beethoven’s biographer Maynard Solomon pithily characterised as the ‘etherealised improvisatory tone’ of the trilogy arguably more convincingly than anyone to date’ (MusicWeb International)» More

‘Osborne’s conception of Beethoven’s final sonatas is holistic and completely convincing, and each one builds to a concentrated, thoughtful final slow movement that makes a fitting climax for each. I found the halo of concentration around the finale of No 32 a thing of particular wonder, but that’s to choose one jewel as a purely personal preference from a collection of gems. A lovely set in superb high-resolution sound’ (MusicWeb International)

‘But for my disc of the year, I return to the mystical world of late Beethoven, and to Steven Osborne’s unassuming yet revelatory Hyperion disc of the last three sonatas. While the market becomes more saturated with sets of this immortal triumvirate by the month, the omnipresent danger of a dilution of the humanity and solace projected by these masterpieces is undeniable. Osborne prevails by yielding utterly to the music with flawless technique and total humility. He is assisted by a Hyperion recording which is so natural and clean it eclipses even the most outstanding piano discs that have previously emerged from that fine label. This disc has moved me far comprehensively than I anticipated when I compiled the original review. In a crowded field, trust me: this is the real thing. It absolutely encapsulates the motivation for writing these reviews. One is alive; and one recognises that being able to listen to this singular disc, on a weekly basis if I so choose, is a sacred and unalloyed privilege, never to be taken for granted’ (MusicWeb International)

‘Both moving and thoughtful (emotional and intellectual logics being inseparable in such music), Osborne’s readings of these three sonatas are amongst the very best recorded versions. The 'mysteries' of this music are articulated with audible sincerity and a beautiful touch. Fortunately, the recorded sound is top class too’ (MusicWeb International)

‘Osborne's recent release of Beethoven's final three piano sonatas on the Hyperion label packs a powerful emotional punch through technical command, delicate subtleties and sheer strength … Osborne has us in the palm of his hand for each of these meaningful journeys, generously sharing the essence of Beethoven's genius’ (WPR, USA)» More

‘The holy trinity of Beethoven’s Piano Sonatas Opuses 109, 110 & 111 thrives under Steven Osborne’s intense musicianship; an unmissable release’ (Classical Source)» More

«De l'autorité la plus rude à la tendresse la plus suave, ce sont toutes les humeurs qui traversent l'interprétation de Steven Osborne. C'est un Beethoven qui impose un point de vue avec un jeu décidé, franc, direct. Un sens de la forme qui ne faiblit jamais, une qualité de son qui force l'admiration. C'est un jeu tendu qui empêche l'auditeur de lâcher prise. On demeure admiratif du contrôle de chaque détail qui n’empêche jamais le souffle» (France Musique, France)» More

„Von Steven Osborne habe ich so viele gute Aufnahmen von sehr unterschiedlichen Komponisten gehört, dass scheinbar alles zu Gold wird, was er anfasst. Seine neue Beethoven-CD macht da keine Ausnahme, im Gegenteil“ (Pizzicato, Luxembourg)» More
It was in April 1820 that Adolf Schlesinger wrote to Beethoven asking for new piano sonatas. Beethoven had been working on his Missa solemnis, but with the intended date of the premiere now passed there was no longer any pressure to finish it quickly. He was short of cash, since he was having to provide for his thirteen-year-old nephew, and so he gladly agreed, proposing a price of 120 ducats for three sonatas, although he eventually accepted Schlesinger’s offer of only 90. Curiously, the sketches for the first movement of Op 109 clearly date from shortly before Schlesinger’s request. The reason is that this movement was originally written for a quite different purpose: his friend Friedrich Starke was preparing a piano tutor and asked for a contribution from Beethoven, who responded by composing what is now the first movement of Op 109. Another friend, Franz Oliva, then suggested in April that the new piece be used instead in a sonata for Schlesinger. Beethoven agreed, compensating Starke with five new bagatelles, and composed the last two movements that summer.

The sonata was almost ready by September, but further delays meant that it was not sent to Schlesinger until around January 1821. After numerous proof-reading problems it finally appeared around October, and was dedicated to Maximiliane Brentano. She was daughter of Beethoven’s friends Franz and Antonie Brentano, who had been assisting him in various ways; Antonie is also probably the unnamed addressee of Beethoven’s amorous letter of 1812 to his ‘Immortal Beloved’.

The first movement is unlike any other, perhaps betraying its origins as an intended teaching piece, for it combines a very short first subject and a slow, leisurely second subject in a different metre. As in all Beethoven’s works in the key of E, the keynote remains the same for all movements, but the second movement here changes from major to minor in a stormy prestissimo that follows the first movement without a break.

The finale consists of a theme and six variations. The theme resembles a sarabande (slow triple metre with a slight accent on the second beat) and is marked ‘Songful with most intimate feeling’. In his autograph score Beethoven labelled it ‘Gesang’ (‘song’), but Schlesinger’s edition changed this to ‘Gesangvoll’, perhaps with Beethoven’s approval; either way, Beethoven wanted to draw attention to the lyrical, vocal style of the theme, which is eminently singable apart from covering a rather large range. The variations contrast sharply with each other: Variation 1 retains the song-like character of the theme, but Variation 2 is light and delicate, while the Bach-like Variation 3 contains vigorous runs throughout. Variation 4 is even slower than the theme, but with more decoration, and Variation 5 is quick and energetic like Variation 3. Variation 6 returns to the original tempo, but is gradually adorned with increasingly intricate figuration until it finally dies away, as if exhausted, to leave a fresh statement of the theme, without repeats. The theme, however, now seems cast in a completely new light, after what has gone before.

from notes by Barry Cooper © 2019

C’est en avril 1820 qu’Adolf Schlesinger écrivit à Beethoven pour lui demander de nouvelles sonates pour piano. Beethoven était en train de travailler à sa Missa solemnis, mais comme la date de création prévue était passée, il n’était plus sous pression pour la terminer rapidement. Il avait besoin d’argent, car il devait subvenir aux besoins de son neveu de treize ans; il accepta donc volontiers, proposant un prix de 120 ducats pour trois sonates, mais il finit par accepter l’offre de 90 ducats seulement que lui proposa Schlesinger. Curieusement, les esquisses du premier mouvement de l’op.109 furent clairement écrites un peu avant la demande de Schlesinger. La raison tient au fait que ce mouvement fut composé à l’origine à des fins bien différentes: son ami Friedrich Starke préparait une méthode de piano et il demanda une contribution à Beethoven, qui répondit en composant ce qui est aujourd’hui le premier mouvement de l’op.109. Un autre ami, Franz Oliva, suggéra ensuite en avril que la nouvelle pièce soit plutôt utilisée dans une sonate pour Schlesinger. Beethoven accepta, indemnisant Starke avec cinq nouvelles bagatelles, et il composa les deux derniers mouvements au cours de l’été.

La sonate était presque prête en septembre, mais à cause de retards supplémentaires, elle ne fut envoyée à Schlesinger que vers le mois de janvier 1821. Après beaucoup de problèmes de corrections, elle parut finalement vers le mois d’octobre avec une dédicace à Maximiliane Brentano. C’était la fille des amis de Beethoven Franz et Antonie Brentano, qui l’avaient aidé de bien des façons; Antonie est en outre peut-être la destinataire inconnue de la lettre d’amour que Beethoven écrivit en 1812 à son «Immortelle Bien-Aimée».

Le premier mouvement n’est comparable à aucun autre, trahissant peut-être ses origines de pièce à visée pédagogique, car il allie un très court premier sujet et un second sujet lent et calme d’une métrique différente. Comme dans toute les œuvres de Beethoven écrites en mi majeur, la tonique reste la même pour tous les mouvements, mais ici le deuxième mouvement passe du majeur au mineur dans un prestissimo tempétueux qui s’enchaîne au premier mouvement sans interruption.

Le finale se compose d’un thème et de six variations. Le thème ressemble à une sarabande (rythme ternaire lent avec un léger accent sur le deuxième temps) et est marqué «très chanté avec beaucoup d’expression». Sur sa partition autographe, Beethoven porta la mention «Gesang» («chant»), mais l’édition de Schlesinger remplaça ce mot par «Gesangvoll» («très chanté»), peut-être avec l’accord de Beethoven; dans un cas comme dans l’autre, Beethoven voulait attirer l’attention sur le style vocal et lyrique du thème, qui est parfaitement chantable en dehors du fait qu’il couvre une tessiture plutôt large. Les variations sont très contrastées: la Variation 1 conserve le caractère mélodieux du thème, mais la Variation 2 est légère et délicate, alors que la Variation 3 dans le style de Bach contient des traits vigoureux du début à la fin. La Variation 4 est encore plus lente que le thème, mais plus ornée, et la Variation 5 est rapide et énergique comme la Variation 3. La Variation 6 revient au tempo d’origine, mais se pare peu à peu d’une figuration de plus en plus complexe avant de finir par disparaître, comme si elle était épuisée, au profit d’une nouvelle exposition du thème, sans reprises. Toutefois, le thème semble maintenant apparaître sous un jour totalement nouveau, après ce qui s’est passé auparavant.

extrait des notes rédigées par Barry Cooper © 2019
Français: Marie-Stella Pâris

Im April 1820 bat Schlesinger Beethoven um neue Klaviersonaten. Beethoven arbeitete noch an seiner Missa solemnis, doch da das angesetzte Datum der Uraufführung bereits verstrichen war, war auch der Zeitdruck verschwunden, das Werk endlich fertigzustellen. Er brauchte Geld, denn er musste für seinen dreizehnjährigen Neffen aufkommen. So willigte er gerne ein und schlug für die drei Sonaten ein Honorar von 120 Dukaten vor; doch ging er später auf Schlesingers Gegenangebot von 90 Dukaten ein. Dabei fällt auf, das die ersten Skizzen für den Kopfsatz des Opus 109 aus der Zeit kurz vor Schlesingers Auftrag stammen. Das lag daran, dass das Werk ursprünglich einem ganz anderen Zweck galt: Sein Freund Friedrich Starke arbeitete an einer Klavierschule und hatte Beethoven um einen Beitrag gebeten, woraufhin dieser den ersten Satz des Opus 109 komponiert hatte. Ein anderer Freund, Franz Oliva, schlug dann im April vor, das neue Stück stattdessen in einer der Sonaten für Schlesinger zu verwenden. Beethoven stimmte zu und sandte Starke stattdessen fünf neukomponierte Bagatellen; die beiden übrigen Sätze der Sonate schrieb er im Sommer desselben Jahres.

Im September war die Sonate fast fertig, doch neue Verzögerungen führten dazu, dass Schlesinger sie erst um den Januar 1821 herum erhielt. Nach zahlreichen Schwierigkeiten im Zuge der Korrektur erschien sie schließlich im Oktober mit einer Widmung an Maximiliane Brentano. Sie war die Tochter des mit Beethoven befreundeten Ehepaars Franz und Antonie Brentano, die ihn auf unterschiedliche Weise unterstützt hatten; Antonie ist wahrscheinlich auch die Ungenannte, an die Beethoven 1812 seinen Liebesbrief an die „unsterbliche Geliebte“ schrieb.

Der erste Satz ist ohne Parallele in Beethovens Werk, was möglicherweise daran liegt, dass er als Übungsstück gemeint war; er kombiniert ein sehr kurzes erstes Thema mit einem langsamen, entspannten zweiten Thema in anderem Metrum. Wie in allen Werken Beethovens in E-Tonarten bleibt der Grundton durch alle Sätze derselbe, wechselt aber hier mit dem zweiten, einem stürmischen, direkt an den ersten Satz anschließenden Prestissimo, von Dur nach Moll.

Das Finale besteht aus einem Thema mit sechs Variationen. Es ähnelt einer Sarabande—langsamer Dreiertakt mit leichter Betonung der zweiten Zählzeit—und ist überschrieben „Gesangvoll mit innigster Empfindung“. Im Manuskript hatte Beethoven es als „Gesang“ bezeichnet, doch Schlesinger änderte den Titel in „Gesangvoll“, vielleicht mit Zustimmung Beethovens. Beide Titel heben die lyrische und trotz seines großen Tonumfangs sangliche Qualität des Themas hervor. Die Variationen bilden scharfe Gegensätze: Behält die erste den liedhaften Ton des Themas bei, so wirkt die zweite Variation leicht und zart, und die dritte, an Bach erinnernde enthält durchweg kraftvolles Passagenwerk. Variation 4 ist noch langsamer als das Thema selber, aber auch stärker ausgeziert; Variation 5 ist rasch und energisch wie Variation 3. Variation 6 kehrt zum ursprünglichen Tempo zurück, wird aber mit zunehmend verästelten Figurationen durchzogen, bis sie schließlich gleichsam erschöpft verklingt. Sie macht der Wiederaufnahme des Themas Platz, diesmal ohne Wiederholungen. Doch erscheint es nun, nach allem, was geschehen ist, in einem völlig neuen Licht.

aus dem Begleittext von Barry Cooper © 2019
Deutsch: Friedrich Sprondel

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