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Track(s) taken from CDA68097

Horn Concerto No 1 in D major, K412

composer
1791; K386b

Pip Eastop (horn), The Hanover Band, Anthony Halstead (conductor)
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Recording details: October 2013
All Saints' Church, East Finchley, London, United Kingdom
Produced by Adrian Hunter & Caroline Brown
Engineered by Adrian Hunter
Release date: January 2015
Total duration: 5 minutes 7 seconds

Cover artwork: Par force hunter with hounds by Martin Elias Ridinger (1730-1780)
after a drawing by Johann Elias Ridinger (1698-1767) / akg-images
 

Reviews

‘Pip Eastop plays a natural horn akin to the type available to the virtuoso for whom Mozart wrote the four concertos, Joseph Leutgeb. Mozart clearly did not feel in any way hidebound by the horn’s limited range of easily attainable notes … with lucid input from The Hanover Band and from the Eroica Quartet in the Quintet, these performances have a musical integrity over and above historical interest’ (Gramophone)

‘Not least, where most players of the natural horn seek to minimise the difference in tone of those pitches that can only be got out of the instrument by hand-stopping and tricks of breathing, Pip Eastop positively flaunts them, suggesting how Mozart may have actually relied upon the effect of a muffled note here or a chromatic snarl there to help shape and colour his phrasing’ (BBC Music Magazine)» More

‘An extraordinary performance on the natural horn … Pip Eastop gives these pieces an extraordinary immediacy and authenticity. His superb technical ability and inventiveness are put to brilliant use in these very enjoyable renditions. He is ably accompanied by The Hanover Band conducted by Tony Halstead’ (Classic FM)» More

‘Eastop sails through the challenges with aplomb. His playing possesses plenty of agility and he can phrase slow movements gracefully … he is matched by a very stylish Hanover Band … the string playing is lean, with clean articulation and punch to the accents … after the concertos comes a lovely reading of the Horn Quintet, K407, the earliest work Mozart composed for Leutgeb. In this, the composer employs two violas instead of two violins, giving a slightly darker string palette, admirably conveyed here by the Eroica Quartet. After the raucous, rambunctious concertos, the Quintet offers an amiable postlude, performed with much charm. This is a clear winner of a disc destined to bring many a smile through the winter gloom’ (International Record Review)» More

‘Hanover Band sounds terrific; the sonics are vivid and detailed, yet resonant. And Pip Eastop, principal horn of the London Chamber Orchestra, is a remarkable player with great skill an amazing high register, and a penchant for pushing the boundaries in cadenzas’ (American Record Guide)

‘Eastop knocks off the concertos with all the flair, self-confidence, and sensitivity one expects from a soloist … Eastop’s vivid playing is complemented by the tasteful, stylish contribution from The Hanover Band and from the Eroica Quartet, which joins Eastop for Mozart’s Horn Quintet. To the best of my knowledge, this is the only CD to include this essential work of the horn repertory with the four concertos’ (Fanfare, USA)» More

‘Pip Eastop plays on a modern copy of an 1830 natural horn with an astonishing variety of noises at his command’ (Financial Times)

‘There’s something a little special about this … exciting performances, the hand-stopping negotiated with fabulous facility’ (BBC CD Review)» More

‘Even if you have the classic Dennis Brain recordings with Herbert von Karajan … as surely almost all Mozarteans do, there's a place for an alternative set on the natural horn and with the advantage of modern recording … this recording made me hear more new aspects of the concertos and especially of the quintet than any other. It’s emphatically not just for the period-instrument brigade’ (MusicWeb International)» More

‘Eastop combines the incisive and the lyrical in perfect proportion’ (The New Zealand Herald)» More

‘Eastop's playing has the effect of making the modern horn sound a little, er, boring. He doesn't attempt to smooth over the differences between open and stopped notes, effortlessly switching between legato lines and rollicking hunting calls. It's an instantly appealing, very vocal sound … this is a feel-good disc in every way; Eastop's cheeky virtuosity eliciting gasps as well as giggles … Eastop sails through its difficulties, resisting the temptation to rush through the witty finale. It sounds all the better for it. Intelligent notes, sensitive accompaniments and excellent sound—what's not to like?’ (TheArtsDesk.com)» More

‘Eastop has the gift of numerous timbres and effects, a wide range of dynamics, shares the fun of wacky cadenzas, is unfazed by high notes, can be audacious and—put simply—is a master of the natural horn, everything heard having to be made without the aid of added-later valves and sophisticated plumbing. This is flawless, poised and always musical playing’ (Classical Source)» More

‘A marvellous venture of technical virtuosity from Pip Eastop, the newest shining star in brass, and a brave choice considering the wide array of recordings on offer’ (The Epoch Times)» More

‘What a fabulous CD this is! … these are joyful, engaged and engaging performances, as varied in mood and vocabulary as the music itself, and alchemically removing the distance between Mozart’s time and our own’ (The Whole Note, Canada)» More

«On apprécie l'ordre dans lequel Halstead a gravé les concertos, fidèle à leur vraie chronologie … on savoure également les sonorités d'un cor naturel sans piston qui oblige certes le souffleur à de périlleuses accentuations mais déploie des couleurs contrastées, des plus flûtées aux plus cuivrées» (Diapason, France)» More
When we consider the final concerto (known as No 1, K412 or K386b), we may conjecture that Leutgeb, now in his late fifties, no longer had the endurance to sustain the singing tone of the younger self. His range, particularly at the top of the instrument, would have become less reliable, and this concerto, in the lower key of D major (with oboes and bassoons joining the strings), is tailored towards these restrictions.

Whether or not one accepts the assertion by Benjamin Perl that this concerto has as its genesis an earlier work of Leutgeb’s own composition, the provenance of the Rondo of the D major horn concerto gives us a fascinating glimpse into Mozart’s long-lasting relationship with Leutgeb. Written in the composer’s final year, the manuscript is full of mischievous jibes aimed at the ageing horn player’s weakening embouchure; it also contains hastily written financial accounts, perhaps connected with the costs of putting on concerts.

Mozart wrote the horn part out in full, but never finished the orchestration; his pupil Franz Xaver Süssmayr completed the two-movement concerto in 1792 (Süssmayr’s completion of the Rondo is sometimes listed as K514). However, it is clear that Süssmayr never saw Mozart’s original draft and must have made his version through information from Leutgeb. Not only is the horn part different from Mozart’s original, but the orchestral themes, instrumentation and overall structure are altered as well. Examination of the manuscript also reveals that Leutgeb must have given instructions to alter some of the more difficult passages with requests for additional rests to ease performance. Mozart responds with mischievous banter written above the horn part. Firstly, he indicates the horn part to be taken Adagio, whilst the orchestra plays Allegro. ‘What—finished already?’, he writes at the end of the first main theme. ‘Have a rest’, he taunts; ‘Oh, you’re shrivelling my balls!’ Later, he strikes out a whole section and adds, ‘Take fifteen snacks’. Over a chromatic passage he mocks, ‘at least get one note in tune, Dickhead!’. Aside from the playful element displayed here, it is also fascinating to see how Mozart was quite happy to radically change his composition to suit the performer.

from notes by Richard Payne © 2015

Lorsque l’on considère le dernier concerto (connu sous le nº 1, K 412 ou K 386b), on peut supposer que Leutgeb, qui approchait alors de la soixantaine, n’avait plus l’endurance nécessaire pour soutenir le ton chantant de sa jeunesse. Sa tessiture, en particulier dans l’aigu de l’instrument, n’était sans doute plus aussi fiable, et ce concerto, dans la tonalité plus grave de ré majeur (avec les hautbois et les bassons qui rejoignent les cordes), est adapté à ces restrictions.

Que l’on accepte ou non l’affirmation de Benjamin Perl selon lequel ce concerto trouve sa genèse dans une œuvre antérieure composée par Leutgeb lui-même, la provenance du Rondo du Concerto pour cor en ré majeur nous donne un aperçu fascinant des relations durables de Mozart avec Leutgeb. Écrit au cours de la dernière année de la vie du compositeur, le manuscrit regorge de moqueries malicieuses visant l’embouchure affaiblie du corniste vieillissant; il contient aussi des comptes financiers écrits à la hâte, liés peut-être aux coûts pour monter des concerts.

Mozart écrivit entièrement la partie de cor, mais ne termina jamais l’orchestration; son élève Franz Xaver Süssmayr acheva le concerto en deux mouvements en 1792 (le Rondo achevé par Süssmayr est parfois classé sous le K 514). Toutefois, il est clair que Süssmayr ne vit jamais le brouillon original de Mozart et dut réaliser sa version grâce à des informations communiquées par Leutgeb. La partie de cor est non seulement différente de l’original de Mozart, mais les thèmes orchestraux, l’instrumentation et la structure de l’ensemble sont également modifiés. L’examen du manuscrit révèle aussi que Leutgeb dut donner des instructions pour modifier certains passages plus difficiles en demandant des pauses supplémentaires pour faciliter l’exécution. Mozart réagit avec des plaisanteries espiègles écrites au-dessus de la partie de cor. D’abord, il indique de prendre la partie de cor Adagio, alors que l’orchestre joue Allegro, «Quoi—déjà terminé?», écrit-il à la fin du premier thème principal. «Respire un peu», raille-t-il; «Oh, tu me casses les couilles»; plus loin, il raye toute une section et ajoute, «prends quinze casse-croûte». Au-dessus d’un passage chromatique, il se moque: «Joue au moins une note juste, abruti!». En dehors de ce côté malicieux, il est également passionnant de voir quel plaisir prenait Mozart à changer radicalement sa composition pour convenir à l’instrumentiste.

extrait des notes rédigées par Richard Payne © 2015
Français: Marie-Stella Pâris

Beim letzten Konzert (als Nr. 1 KV 412, bzw. KV 386b, bekannt) kann man wohl unterstellen, dass Leutgeb, nunmehr Ende 50, nicht mehr die Ausdauer für das Halten des singenden Tons seiner jüngeren Jahre hatte. Sein Tonumfang, besonders in der Höhe des Instruments, wurde weniger zuverlässig, und in diesem Konzert in der tieferen Tonart D-Dur (mit Oboen und Fagotten neben den Streichern) berücksichtigt Mozart diese Einschränkungen.

Ob man nun die Theorie von Benjamin Perl akzeptiert oder nicht, nach der dieses Konzert seinen Ursprung in einem früheren Werk von Leutgeb selbst hat, bietet das Rondo des D-Dur-Hornkonzertes einen faszinierenden Einblick in Mozarts langjährige Beziehung zu Leutgeb. Das im letzten Lebensjahr des Komponisten geschriebene Autograph ist voller boshafter Sticheleien über den schwächer werdenden Ansatz des alternden Hornisten; es enthält auch flüchtige finanzielle Berechnungen, vielleicht über die Kosten von Konzertveranstaltungen.

Mozart hat die Hornstimme ganz ausgeschrieben, aber die Instrumentation nicht abgeschlossen; sein Schüler Franz Xaver Süßmayr hat das zweisätzige Konzert 1792 fertiggestellt (Süßmayrs Vollendung des Rondos wird gelegentlich als KV 514 aufgeführt). Er hat aber wohl Mozarts originales Autograph nie gesehen und dürfte seine Fassung mit Hilfe von Leutgebs Informationen erstellt haben. Es gibt nicht nur Unterschiede zu Mozarts Original in der Hornstimme, sondern auch Veränderungen in den Orchesterthemen, der Instrumentation sowie der Gesamtstruktur. Eine Untersuchung des Autographs zeigt zudem, dass Leutgeb Anweisungen gegeben haben muß, einige schwierigere Passagen zu ändern und zusätzliche Pausen zur Erleichterung für den Vortrag einzufügen. Mozart reagiert darauf mit boshaften Neckereien, die er [meist in Italienisch] über die Hornstimme schrieb. Zuerst gibt er für die Hornstimme Adagio an, während das Orchester Allegro spielt. „Was, schon fertig?“, schreibt er am Ende des ersten Hauptthemas. „Hol mal Luft!“, spottet er; „O, das geht mir auf die Nerven“. Später streicht er einen ganzen Absatz durch und fügt hinzu: „15 Jausen“. Über eine chromatische Passage schreibt er spöttisch: „spiel doch wenigstens einen Ton sauber, Dummkopf“. Abgesehen von dem spielerischen Element hier ist es auch faszinierend zu verfolgen, dass Mozart ohne weiteres bereit war, seine Komposition nach den Bedingungen des Interpreten radikal zu ändern.

aus dem Begleittext von Richard Payne © 2015
Deutsch: Christiane Frobenius

Other albums featuring this work

Mozart: Horn Concertos
Studio Master: SIGCD345Download onlyStudio Master FLAC & ALAC downloads available
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