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Track(s) taken from CDA67900

String Quintet No 2 in G major, Op 111

composer
1890; Bad Ischl

Takács Quartet, Lawrence Power (viola)
Studio Master FLAC & ALAC downloads available
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Recording details: May 2013
Concert Hall, Wyastone Estate, Monmouth, United Kingdom
Produced by Andrew Keener
Engineered by Simon Eadon
Release date: April 2014
Total duration: 30 minutes 9 seconds

Cover artwork: California Sunset by Albert Bierstadt (1830-1902)
Private Collection / Photo © Christie's Images / Bridgeman Images
 

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The Raphael Ensemble

Reviews

‘Here are two works that ought to be valued alongside Brahms’s Piano and Clarinet Quintets. The Second String Quintet, particularly, is one of his most admirable and lovable large-scale works. But it’s also as challenging interpretatively as any of the Symphonies. So when this Quintet is performed or recorded, it’s rarely with the depth of understanding it needs. Fortunately, the Takács Quartet and Lawrence Power show every indication of having given a lot of thought to both works … the fascinatingly fluid slow-movement-plus-scherzo that forms the centrepiece of the First Quintet is beautifully conceived. The impassioned, long opening paragraph of the Second is a magnificent balance of rich tonal weight and soaring momentum (perfectly caught by the recording); the Adagio is darkly eloquent and the finale’s rhythms are clean-cut and full of springing vitality’ (BBC Music Magazine)» More
PERFORMANCE
RECORDING

‘The soaring, optimistic opening of Brahms's String Quintet No 2 in G major Op 111 is one of the great moments in chamber music: upper strings, enriched with the addition of a second viola, shimmer and quiver, while the cello utters a plunging, jumping melody in G major. This mood of excitement continues, with a magnificent, lyrical violin tune, almost without let-up—a wistful, minor-key second subject notwithstanding—to the end of this long, burgeoning first movement. It's reason enough to try this inspiring Takács Quartet disc with Lawrence Power as guest viola, his big-boned sound matching the expressive energy of the Takács's own Geraldine Walther. The String Quintet No 1 in F major is less driven, more wistful and just as captivating’ (The Observer)» More

‘Both quintets are among his most neglected works. These fine performances make a strong case for them’ (The Sunday Times)» More

‘The performances here are lovely: flowing, well balanced, and emotionally generous but never self-indulgent. Special guest violist Lawrence Power blends perfectly with his colleagues, and cellist András Fejér deserves special mention for clarifying Brahms always critically important bass lines … Hyperion’s engineering is very fine. If you’re in the market for these works apart from the larger Brahms chamber music boxes, you can hardly do better than this release’ (Classics Today)» More
If the first Quintet’s finale took Brahms back to the Academic Festival Overture, the second perhaps reminded him where its generic predecessor had left off. The mood has now shifted towards a greater rhetorical elevation but maintains the previous level of sweeping optimism. The opening theme for the cello has been frequently cited as a searching test of the player’s control and projection, coming as it does from the depths and fighting to be heard against a dauntingly powerful backdrop of oscillating chords. Joachim persuaded the composer to revise these in favour of something more circumspect, but Brahms eventually decided to stand by his original idea which survives in the published score.

The first subject’s soaring theme generates a fine paragraph of densely scored lyricism before secondary material arrives in the form of a discourse between paired violas and the remaining instruments. The extension of this theme embodies much conscious undermining or displacement of normal accentuation, often exacerbating the effect through cadence formations whose timing produces artificial stresses on otherwise ‘weak’ beats. This habitual tendency in Brahms might be seen as arising consciously or unconsciously from choral mastery: his study of Palestrina’s (un-barred) imitative polyphony, and his own consequent flexibility in subordinating metrical rhythm to patterns of syllabic stress where appropriate, may well be the source of the richly varied accentuation and harmonic rhythms of his instrumental music.

The Allegro’s development section thrives upon the polyphonic possibilities of the medium, beginning quietly in B flat but generating an unusually intensive exploration of the first subject’s implications. As indicated before, this is something which ceases to work with adequate balance and suppleness in the majority of Brahms’s chamber works with piano, and which does not arise in the comparatively stiff and strenuous context of the three string quartets. The same felicitous touch animates a spacious recapitulation and a coda which enables the respective instruments to meditate upon past thematic material as both soloists and ensemble members, much as in an operatic set-piece (though here any operatic connection ends). A gradual withdrawal into self-communing stillness is followed by two brusque final chords.

The Adagio (in D minor) opens with two bars whose rhythmic and tonal similarity to the Adagio e lento in Mendelssohn’s Op 87 Quintet may well be significant. The two movements are comparable in general rhythmic terms throughout, as well as in overall length. Moreover, it is Mendelssohn who comes to mind as the emotional and aesthetic model for the ‘careless rapture’ of Brahms’s first movement. The memorable melodic arch opening the earlier composer’s Octet might seem to support this, though Mendelssohn stands poles apart from Brahms in terms of variety of metre and accentuation, often becoming entrapped in his own form of ‘fearful symmetry’ from which fugal habit provides the sole relief and escape.

The third movement, Un poco allegretto, is in effect an intermezzo, again resembling its Mendelssohnian counterpart with which it shares the key of G minor (as does Mozart’s Quintet K516). However, the principal theme seems loosely to echo that which opens Schubert’s ‘Unfinished’ Symphony. Its characteristic falling semitone acquires a progressively abstracted and sorrowful mien, particularly upon its return after the central G major episode’s gently unexpected modulations. The curiously indivisible mixture of the idyllic and the melancholy has more than a little in common with Dvorák, Brahms’s younger friend and colleague who by this date was more than capable of reciprocating an influence.

The final rondo starts modestly in the ‘wrong’ key of B minor. Its mood is ambivalent and embraces several curious moments of whimsy of a folk-derived nature. Again kinship with Dvorák may be discerned in the gentle ‘humoreske’ style of the opening and in its suddenly forthright sequel which establishes the tonic key. A secondary subject in triplets reinforces the note of rustic simplicity but the central passage generates an unexpectedly single-minded exploration of the first subject, again in a fashion which would have been impracticable for Brahms in most other chamber media. Upon its re-emergence the complete subject seems to have shed something of its innocence, but after a brief recapitulation of the second subject in the tonic key the principal material proves capable of further regeneration. The spirited ‘coda’ increasingly assumes the character of a Dvorák ‘polka’ or ‘galop’ such as one finds in the ‘Dumky’ Trio, Op 90.

from notes by Francis Pott © 1995

Avec le Deuxième Quintette à cordes, le ton passe à une plus grande élévation rhéthorique tout en maintenant le même optimisme entraînant qu’auparavant. Le thème d’ouverture pour le violoncelle a souvent été cité comme une difficile mise à l’épreuve de la maîtrise et de la faculté d’anticipation pour l’instrumentiste qui doit arriver des tonalités les plus graves et lutter pour se faire entendre sur un fond d’alternance d’accords impressionnants de puissance.

La montée du motif du premier thème engendre un paragraphe subtil d’écriture d’un lyrisme très dense suivi par l’arrivée de thèmes secondaires sous la forme d’un discours entre des altos couplés et les autres instruments. Le développement de l’Allegro trouve un réel épanouissement avec les possibilités polyphoniques de cette forme d’expression, commençant doucement en si bémol mais engendrant une exploration d’une rare intensité des implications du premier thème. Une même touche de félicité fournit l’inspiration à une ample récapitulation et à une coda qui permet aux instruments respectifs de méditer sur les thèmes déjà évoqués à la fois en tant que solistes et en tant que membres de l’ensemble.

L’Adagio débute par deux mesures dont la similarité rythmique et tonale avec l’Adagio e lento du Quintette op.87 de Mendelssohn peut sembler notable. Les deux mouvements sont comparables en termes de rythmes tout au long de l’œuvre ainsi qu’en termes de longueur totale. De plus, Mendelssohn est le premier qui vient à l’esprit en tant que modèle émotionnel et esthétique pour le «ravissement sans retenue» du premier mouvement de Brahms.

Le troisième mouvement, Un poco allegretto est en fait un intermezzo qui à nouveau ressemble à son pendant mendelssohnien avec lequel il partage la tonalité de sol mineur (de même que le Quintette de Mozart K516). Cependant, le thème principal semble vaguement faire écho à celui de l’ouverture de la Huitième Symphonie «Inachevée» de Schubert. Le caractère tombant du demi-ton acquiert progressivement une nuance abstraite et triste, surtout au moment du retour après les délicates et inattendues modulations du passage central en sol majeur.

Le rondo final débute modestement dans la «fausse clé» de si mineur. Son caractère ambivalent embrasse plusieurs moments étranges dérivés de la musique traditionnelle. On peut discerner certaines affinités avec Dvorák dans le style «humoreske» délicat de l’ouverture et dans sa suite soudainement directe qui établit la clé tonique. Un thème secondaire en triolets renforce la simplicité rustique mais le passage central engendre une exploration du premier sujet dont la ténacité est inattendue. Au moment de sa réapparition, le thème complet semble avoir quelque peu perdu de son innocence, mais après une brève récapitulation du second thème dans la clé tonique, la matière principale se révèle capable d’une nouvelle régénération.

extrait des notes rédigées par Francis Pott © 1995
Français: Alexandre Blanchard

Bei dem zweiten Streichquintett verlagert sich die Stimmung auf ein größeres rhetorisches Elevato, bleibt jedoch auf ihrem vorherigen Niveau von mitreißendem Optimismus. Die Anfangsmelodie für Cello ist oft zitiert worden als das Kontroll- und Projektionsvermögen des Künstlers testend, da sie aus den Tiefen kommt und gegen einen entmutigend kraftvollen Hintergrund zitternder Akkorde um Gehör kämpft.

Die aufsteigende Melodie des ersten Themas vermittelt einen feinen Hauch dichtinstrumentierter Lyrik, ehe das sekundäre Material in Gestalt eines Diskurses zwischen einem Viola-Paar und den restlichen Instrumenten ausgedrückt wird. Die Entwicklung der Allegro-Sektion gedeiht auf den polyphonischen Möglichkeiten des Mediums. Sie beginnt leise in B, erzeugt jedoch eine ungewöhnlich intensive Erforschung der Aspekte des ersten Themas. Der gleiche glückliche Hauch inspiriert eine ausschweifende Reprise und eine Koda, die den einzelnen Musikern ermöglicht, über das vorherige thematische Material als Solisten wie auch als Mitglieder eines Ensembles zu meditieren.

Das Adagio beginnt mit zwei Takten, deren rhytmische und tonale Ähnlichkeit zum Adagio e lento in Mendelssohns Quintett op. 87 sehr wohl bedeutend sein mag. Die beiden Sätze sind im ganzen vom allgemeinen rhytmischen Ausdruck her, sowie in ihrer gesamten Länge vergleichbar. Zudem ist es Mendelssohn, der ins Auge fällt als emotionales und ästhetisches Modell für das „unbekümmerte Entzücken“ in Brahms’ ersten Satz.

Der dritte Satz, Un poco allegretto, ist praktisch ein Intermezzo, das wieder seinem mendelssohnschen Gegenstück ähnlich ist, denn beide beinhalten die Tonart g-Moll (so auch Mozarts Quintett, K516). Die Hauptmelodie scheint jedoch leicht jene wiederzugeben, die Schuberts unvollendete achte Sinfonie eröffnet. Ihr charakteristisch fallender Halbton nimmt eine verstärkt abstrakte und trauergefüllte Miene an, besonders bei ihrer Rückkehr nach der zentralen Episode in G-Dur mit ihren sanften, unerwarteten Modulationen.

Das abschließende Rondo beginnt bescheiden in der „falschen“ Tonart h-Moll. Seine Stimmung ist mehrdeutig und umfaßt zahlreiche kuriose Momente fast volksmusikalischer Natur. Die Verwandtschaft mit Dvorák ist in dem sanften „humorvollen“ Stil des Anfangs und dem die Tonart bestimmenden plötzlich unverblümten Fortsetzen, wahrzunehmen. Ein sekundäres Thema in Triolen verstärkt den Aspekt rustikaler Simplizität, die zentrale Passage jedoch bewirkt ein unerwartet beharrliches Erforschen des ersten Themas. Nach seinem Wiederauftauchen scheint das gesamte Thema etwas von seiner Unschuld verloren zu haben, nach einer kurzen Reprise des zweiten Themas in der Grundtonart beweist das Hauptmaterial seine Fähigkeit zu weiterer Regeneration.

aus dem Begleittext von Francis Pott © 1995
Deutsch: Ute Mansfeldt

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